Protein One of the three nutrients that provides calories to the body. Diabetes Mellitus A disease that occurs when the body is not able to use blood glucose sugar. Blood sugar levels are controlled by insulin a hormone in the body that helps move glucose sugar from the blood to muscles and other tissues. Very-low calorie diet: A person following a VLCD eats or drinks a commercially prepared formula that has 800 calories or less instead of eating food. Saturated fat: A fat that is solid at room temperature. Fats that are in foods are combinations of monounsaturated polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Saturated fat is found in high-fat dairy products like cheese whole milk cream butter and regular ice cream fatty fresh and processed meats the skin and fat of chicken and turkey lard palm oil and coconut oil. Unsaturated fat: A fat that is liquid at room temperature. Vegetable oils are unsaturated fats. Type 1 diabetes: Previously known as “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” IDDM or “juvenile diabetes.” Type 1 diabetes is a life-long condition in which the pancreas stops making insulin. Bariatric surgery Surgery on the stomach and/or intestines to help the patient with extreme obesity lose weight. Bariatric surgery is a weight-loss method used for people who have a body mass index BMI above 40. Body mass index A measure of body weight relative to height. BMI can be used to determine if people are at a healthy weight overweight or obese. Bioelectrical impedance analysis A way to estimate the amount of body weight that is fat and nonfat. Nonfat weight comes from bone muscle body water organs and other body tissues. BIA works by measuring how difficult it is for a harmless electrical current to move through the body. Pancreas A gland that makes enzymes that help the body break down and use nutrients in food.